Strategic Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Strategic Management - Research Paper Example Internal Analysis X 5.1 SWOT Analysis X 5.1.1 Strength X 5.1.2 Weakness X 5.1.3 Opportunity X 5.1.4 Threat X 5.2 Value Chain Analysis X 6. Problem Definition X 6.1 Primary Problem - Unable to Respond to the Dynamic Market Trends X 6.2 Secondary Problems X 6.2.1 Emerging Preference for Sports Apparel Materials X 6.2.2 Intense Rivalry Among Competitors X 7. Recommendations X 7.1 Develop Alliance with Competitors X 7.2 Participating in Sports Events X 7.3 Expand the Research and Development Function X 8. Selected Recommendation X 9. Implementation X 10. Evaluation and Control X 10. Appendices X 11. Reference List X 1. Executive Summary In this report, the authors have critically analysed Bossini International Holdings Limited’s (BIHL)’s external and internal environment of Hong Kong’s apparel industry. The external analysis highlights the key current environmental factors through PEST Analysis and Porter’s 5 Forces Analysis. Such external analysis are aimed t o assist the company in remaining relevant and sustainable within the the dynamic external environment. An internal analysis of BIHL’s internal environment is then performed through SWOT analysis and Value-chain Analysis. The capabilities and shortcomings of BIHL are surfaced consequently. This allows for tailored strategies to suit BIHL in facing challenges within the industry. Subsequently, the key problems are highlighted from the external environment analysis. Through the internal environment analysis, relevant strategies are proposed and selected to counter the problems. The report concludes with the implementation of the selected strategy, featuring issue involved in evaluation and control. 2. Introduction The apparel industry in Hong Kong has flourished during recent times wherein the residents are not only inclined to buy more clothes but more ready spend on more expensive ones. The apparel industry in Hong Kong offers fashion wear, sportswear, casual, kids as well as footwear and footwear accessories. The list of consumers is not limited to the locals; it also includes international buyers and tourists. International brands have also entered into the Asian market by making first entry into the Hong Kong(HK) market. This suggests that HK presents a reliable and stable market to sell both locally and regionally (Euromonitor International 2011b). The overall size of the industry is over HK$53 Billion as of 2011 with more than 12,200 retail stores offering different apparels targeted at market segments. With growth of almost 22% per year, the Apparel industry in Hong Kong is one of the significant and growing industries in the economy (Yi Li & Jones 2001). Bossini International Holdings Limited (BIHL) is one of the leading apparel firms in HK. Established in 1987, BIHL has been an important player for the casual wear market for low and mid ranged consumers. Listed on the HK Stock Exchange in 1993, the firm has been able to achieve dynamic growth an d opened new stores around the world with major presence in regions like Asia, Europe and Middle East. Having near 1400 stores in 36 countries, BIHL has developed into a recognizable international brand. The   global presence outlines its drive towards becoming a global brand in the apparel industry (Bossini Enterprises Limited 2012). The overall market appeal of BIHL is based upon its recognizable casual wear that is not only colorful, but also soft in texture. Based on the motto of â€Å"

Operations Management Zellers Essay Example for Free

Operations Management Zellers Essay What competitive priority is important for a discount store, such as Zellers? Cost is the most important competitive priority for a discount store, such as Zellers. In order to perform competitively as a discount store, the organization must emphasize low operating costs. With this priority, Zellers can produce at low costs in comparison to competitors and offer products at low prices in order to meet consumer needs and become an order winner. 2. Three generic strategies are low cost, niche market, and product differentiation. What one of these strategies was Zellers using before 1998? After 1998? Prior to 1998, Zellers was using a low cost strategy. The company targeted budget-minded consumers with the slogan Where the Lowest Price is the Law. In the face of fierce rivalry from WalMart entering the competitive landscape and various operational shortcomings, Zellers made several strategic decisions and changes. After 1998, Zellers was using a niche market strategy, by adjusting its mission to become a moms store. Zellers focused on offering fair value to consumers, as opposed to the lowest price. The company moved away from the low cost dynamic of its self-service policy by investing in labour, having several customer service assistants on the floor. It also focused on investing in more famous brands and private label products. To the companys detriment, it appears that Zellers made these strategic changes in order to compete more directly with WalMart, as they moved away from discounts towards offering everyday low prices on 95% of its merchandise.

Child Labor Essay -- Essays Papers

Child Labor When child labor is examined, individuals and societies feel moral and emotional tugs. The Freudian super ego is appalled that, especially in the modern world, there would be such a preposterous issue. The Freudian id would rationalize numerous reasons, even justifications, of why child labor exists and would be necessary. Every corner of the earth has known this conflict to one degree or another. In the United States, the conflict is activated or denied with the purchase of an expensive sneaker. The child who is exploited on the other side of the world rarely receives a nod of concern for the slavery he endures. Countless items are similarly purchased with similar child working conditions. The children of note are under fifteen years of age and economically active. There are 120 million of these exploited human beings who work full time, often ten hours per day. The three C’s of child labor are its causes, consequences, and cures. Causes and cures receive the greatest focus, but the consequences of child labor are far-reaching and long lasting. Yesterday’s child laborers are today’s uneducated, non-productive adults. Statistics indicate improvement in child labor issues, but trends can be reversed easily. Some child labor is more service-oriented and not a part that can be challenged by a boycott or legislation. Child labor in some countries involves being a servant who does not produce goods. Before identifying the consequences of child labor, probable causes and possible cures must be identified. The causes of child labor are many, including poverty, poor education, limiting workers’ rights, poor laws for child labor, global competition, free trade rules, and structural a... ... labor problems are in the past. But even in developed countries, examples of child labor abuse are present in agricultural and service industries. There is still much work to be done educationally, politically and legally. Bibliography Hutchins, B.I. and A. Harrison. 1903. A History of Factory Legislation. London: P.S. King and Son. [References to 1966 ed. By London: Cass.] http://econ.cudenver.edu/beckman/econ4410/basu.pdf http://scsc.essortment.com/federalchildla_rgpg.htm http://www.continuetolearn.uiowa.edu/laborctr/child_labor/about/global_economy.html http://www.hrw.org/wr2k2/children.html http://www.empereur.com/DOC/Child_Labor.html http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.html Weiner, Myron. 1991. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton U. Press.

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof

Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a fast paced play full of dramatic tension. Discuss how the portrayal of sex/sexuality fuels that tension, increasing the dramatic effect. Choose some but not all of the possible examples you might used â€Å"Cat On A Hot Tin Roof,† Written by Tennessee Williams is an excellent play about a troubled family that is dealing with buried acts of deception, conflict and tension. Along with these problems comes sexuality and sex, a very important aspect of the play which increases the dramatic effect. The pressure between husband and wife created by sexual tensions.The need for Brick to be seen as a man by repressing homosexual feelings from the world by turning to the effects of alcohol. Maggie’s sexual frustration with her husband who refuses to show her the passion she is longing. The frustration Big Daddy feels from not being sexually attracted to his wife. The relationship between Big Daddy and Brick, how they are more alike then they seem to be. These are among the main problems concerning sexuality escalating dramatic tension in this play. The sexual tension between Brick and Maggie is one of the most commonly occurring conflicts throughout the play.Brick and Maggie are a couple in the play who have two opposite feelings for each other. In Act 1 Maggie says to Brick â€Å"You look so cool, so cool, so enviably cool† the quote presents Brick to be represented to the audience as a man who is self contained, cool, untouchable and perfect physically. He physically embodies a real man. Maggie see’s herself as a women who is dissatisfied, ignored, and exhausted from sharing her desires with Brick as he does not feel the same way. Maggie refers to herself as a cat on a hot tin roof loving someone knowing that the love cannot be returned.Maggie confession to Brick about their relationship only increases the tensions between the two characters and forces Maggie to question their friendship for something much stronger . Maggie becomes bitter and anxious like a cat, she takes into account that without Brick’s love she will remain childless, and that they will be less favored to Big Daddy his heir and their position in his household will be put at risk. Brick, self concerned and rugged. Throughout the play, Brick continues to wash away all of his troubles and problems by drinking excessively.This is a problem that he has developed to separate himself from the problems. â€Å"One man has one great good true thing in his life. One great good thing which is true! I had a friendship with Skipper. You are naming it dirty! † This quote from Act 1 shows Brick acting out at Maggie for implying that his and Skippers relationship was more than just a friendship. This is the first time these implications are made and the first time in the play that Brick looses his cool, he links thoughts of homosexuality with disgust.This shows that the implications could be true, because when Maggie shares her own sexual approach, he reacts in a cool, calm and a completely removed manner, not showing any signs of concern. â€Å"You two had something that had to be kept on ice, yes, incorruptible, yes! † Maggie continues on about Brick’s relationship with Skipper, forcing Brick to acknowledge the fact that he did have homosexual feelings for his best friend rather than continuously mourning his death over the fact that his feelings had to be kept in secret from society.Bricks main goal is to keep his masculinity intact â€Å"Why can’t exceptional friendship.. Between two men be respected† Brick is disturbed by the fact that his desire is jeopardizing his masculinity, something that he cannot throw away because of sharing the possibility of his homosexuality. Big Daddy, the large â€Å"Mississippi Redneck† is the millionaire father of the family, effected with cancer unknowingly. Brick is the only one who knows, and hides it. Big Daddy believes that he ha s come back from the dead, realizing that his money cannot buy him happiness.His sexual life is now brought back into the picture. He was never pleased with his wife and did not love her the time they were married, he wants to explore sex again now that he has a second chance. This is much like Brick and Maggie’s current relationship, except Brick’s preference in gender, showing how alike Brick is to his father. He has a strong affection for his son Brick, who reminds him very much of himself. For this reason he wants Brick to be the heir to his throne. The only way to achieve this is if Brick and Maggie provide a grandchild for Big Daddy to continue his legacy.Although the possibility of this grandchild in unlikely because of Brick and Maggie’s sexual relationship. â€Å"Now, hold on.. I knocked around in my time† When Big Daddy finally learns the truth about his son’s sexuality he confesses his experimentation as a growing man, it is here that Br ick and Big Daddy are more alike than ever. Now that the truth behind Brick’s sexuality is revealed he tells Big Daddy that he is still dying from cancer. â€Å"You told me! I told you! † As a result of Big Daddy forcing Brick to face his homosexuality, Brick forces Big Daddy to receive the news of his inevitable death.Now Big Daddy is occupying the position that Brick has just gotten out of, Brick is revealing and Big Daddy is receiving. Sexuality and sex in this play does increase the dramatic tension between the characters. It is something that effects everyone in the play somehow. The examples above are only three of many others. The relationship between Maggie and Brick, is almost completely dependent on Bricks sexuality, even his excessive drinking is strongly related to his sexuality.He knows that he cannot be the heir to Big Daddy without a child, yet still chooses not to engage in sexual relations with Maggie. This makes Maggie greatly concerned about her plac e in the household. Big Daddy comes to a sort of revelation, thinking he has been given a second life. He acts cruel with his wife, because he accepts the fact that he never truly loved her and has been hiding his sexual appetite their entire marriage. The dramatic effect in this play is lead by sexuality and sex, it acts as foundation that builds up to vital events in the play.

An argument against abortion in relation to considering the mothers well being Essay

Abortion is a highly-debated topic in society today.   People on each side of the argument have very strong views.   They each make good points that are valid.   But they often go so far as to harass the other side of the debate, they openly attack the people with beliefs the opposite of their own.   In this particular debate, were arguing the constitutionality of banning abortion with or without an exception to the ban.   This exception is regarding the health of the mother.   The yes side of the argument says that it was constitutional to ban abortion outright.   They believe in the constitutionality of the ban even without a clause of exception for the health of the mother.   This means that even if the mother’s health is in imminent danger, even if she is in danger of dying, she still cannot get an abortion.   These people believe that abortions are wrong and they don’t even condone them when continuing the pregnancy could mean the mother would die .  Ã‚   The strengths of their argument are that they believe abortion to be murder.   Technically, if you believe that a fetus is a person then yes, it is murder.   They believe that all murder is wrong, even if it would save the mother.   The no-argument says that this ban is wrong in itself.   It needs to have an exemption to protect the well-being of the mother.   They’re all for protecting the health of the mother.   If the mother’s life is in imminent danger, then she should easily be able to get a legal abortion.   It’s not constitutional to ban abortion outright with no clause to protect the mother. A rational choice theory would likely explain why so many people are against these exceptions in banning abortions.   They think the life of this fetus is worth more than the mother.   They believe this because the fetus has a whole life ahead of them while the mother has already lived through a number of years.   They make the rational choice to favor the life of the fetus over that of the mother. The most surprising thing about this argument is how vehemently the yes side argues that abortion is murder.   They believe that an abortion is a murder even if that abortion would save the life of the mother.   That’s ridiculous.   It’s not fair to essentially end the life of the mother just to save the fetus.   You’re killing one to save the other.   That’s their exact argument against abortion.   They abhor abortion for killing the fetus but in these instances, it’s killing the mother.   So if either way, someone will die it’s not fair to automatically favor the mother like this.   I understand that the no argument believes that these exceptions in the ban are not right but I disagree.   I think that the exceptions are necessary.   It’s unfair to arbitrarily favor the wellbeing of the fetus over that of the mother.   I think that exceptions to these abortion bans are absolutely necessary.   We need to provide clauses in case the wellbeing of the mother is in danger.

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Marketing Plan

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Marketing Plan A well-written, comprehensive marketing plan is the focal point of all business ventures because marketing describes how you plan to attract and retain customers. This is the most crucial aspect of a business. Having a marketing plan is essential to any successful business. In fact, it is the heart of the business and the basis from which all other operational and management plans are derived. Marketing can give inventors a wealth of information that, if applied correctly, can virtually ensure your success. Therefore, it is important that you, as a first-time business owner, develop a comprehensive, effective marketing plan. If you need assistance in accomplishing this task, contact your local SBA office. You can find them by looking through the local telephone directory under U.S. Government for the telephone number and address of the office nearest you. You can also get that information by going to the U.S. Small Business Administrations website and entering your zip code in the section local assistance.   An effective marketing plan will certainly boost your sales and increase your profit margins. You must be able to convince customers that you have the best product or service for them at the best possible price. If you cannot convince potential customers of this, then you are wasting your time and money. This is where the marketing plan comes into play, and this is why it is so important. There are numerous advantages you can extract from the marketplace if you know how. And the marketing plan is an excellent tool for identifying and developing strategies for putting these advantages to work. Business Advantages Identifies needs and wants of consumersDetermines demand for a productAids in the design of products that fulfill consumers needsOutlines measures for generating the cash for daily operations, to repay debts and to turn a profitIdentifies competitors and analyzes your products or firms competitive advantageIdentifies new product areasIdentifies new and/or potential customersAllows for testing to see if strategies are generating the desired results Business Disadvantages Identifies weaknesses in your business skillsCan lead to faulty marketing decisions if data isnt analyzed properlyCreates unrealistic financial projections if information isnt interpreted correctlyIdentifies weaknesses in your overall business plan Review Its always good to review what goes into a marketing plan. Write down what you can remember on a blank sheet and then compare it to this quick fact sheet. The marketing plan offers numerous advantages; however, as you can see, there can be drawbacks. Keep in mind that the advantages outweigh the drawbacks and you can always seek professional assistance when you are developing the marketing section of your business plan. It may be worth the investment.

How to Volunteer at an Animal Shelter

How to Volunteer at an Animal Shelter SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Love animals? Thinking about a career as a veterinarian? Or maybe you're just hoping to play with animals? Volunteering at an animal shelter can be a great experience. How can you become an animal shelter volunteer? What will you do as a volunteer? Are there alternative experiences? This guide will answer all those questions and more, so read on! What to Expect as an Animal Shelter Volunteer While volunteering at an animal shelter can be a great experience, it's not going to be fun and games all the time.You willget to play with animals, but that will not be your only responsibility.You’ll likely also be cleaning up after them, sweeping, mopping, filling water and food bowls, tidying litter boxes, washing towels, etc. After all of these things are done, you'll have a chance toplay with the animals. It's going to be work first, and then fun. You’ll likely also have to deal with some customer servicework such asanswering phone calls and responding toadoptionquestions. Depending on the shelter where you work, you may be assigned a specific "job." These jobs include: Adoption Liaison:Assist potential adopters through the process of adoption (meeting animals, filling out paperwork, etc.). Kennel Assistant (sometimes dog or cat specific): Clean the kennel, feed the animals, and provide walks/exercise for the animals. Training Class Assistant:Helprunthe dog training classes offered by the shelter (if applicable). Surgery Support Volunteer:Stay with the animals as they wake up from surgery. Make sure pet owners have all the information they need for post-surgery care. Animal Transport Volunteer:Driveanimals between the shelter and clinic. NOTE:Some shelters require you be 18 years or older to do certain jobs such as animal transport. On top of the menial tasks you may have to do as an animal shelter volunteer, you’ll also likely deal with some sadness.Youmayget attached to animals who end up adopted, and if you work at a kill shelter, you might also get attached to animals that end up euthanized.It’s not always an easy job, so make sure you take all of this into consideration before committing to volunteering at an animal shelter. WhatArethe Requirements for Being an Animal Shelter Volunteer? Most shelters only allow volunteers aged 16 and older.Check your local shelter to find out their age requirement (I’ll get into how to locate a shelter below).If you’re under 16 and want to volunteer, see if they’ll make an exception.They may also let you volunteer if your legal guardian signs off on it or if your legal guardian volunteers with you. Most shelters make you commit to at least a few months of volunteering, if not a full year.These shelters spend time and money training their volunteers, so they want to make sure you’re committed. Atyour trainingororientation, you'll learn the rules of volunteering, sign paperwork (release forms), and get a tour of the facilities along with instructions on how to do your volunteer "job." On top of a commitment to a length of time, you usually also have to commit to at least one shift every other week. Shifts range from 2-4 hours depending on the shelter. Some shelters have physical requirements too (since you might be dealing with large animals and lifting things).They mayrequire you to be physically fit enough to stand and or walk for up to 3 hours and be able to lift and carry 20 lbs or more.They also may require you to be able to tolerate loud sounds and bad odors. Again, contact your local shelter or humane society to ask about their specific volunteer requirements.Learn how to find their contact informationin the next section How to Find a Volunteering OpportunityNear You Finding an animal shelternear you should be as simple as conducting a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Town Name] Animal Shelter† or â€Å"[Your Town Name] Animal Rescue† or â€Å"[Your Town Name] Humane Society.†That should lead you to thewebsite for an animal shelter or, at least, the contact information for an animal shelter near you. If you’re able to locate a specific animal shelter website, look for a volunteer page.On the volunteer page, shelters usually list a contact person for potential volunteers. Reach out to that person to get started as a volunteer.Other shelters have online applications for potential volunteers. Fill one out to get started. If you’re unable to find a website, use whatever contact information you can find through Google to get in touch with someone (whether through phone or email) who works at the shelter andask about volunteering. Don’t be surprised if it takes you a while to get a response about volunteering or if a shelter tells you they don’t need volunteers right now. Volunteering at animal shelters can be very popular, and someshelters already have a lot of volunteers and don’t need more help.You maybe able to be put on a volunteer waitlist. However, if that's not an option,try to approach the next closest shelter in your area. The Good and Bad of Volunteering at an Animal Shelter How is volunteering at an animal shelter different than other volunteer work?You get to work with animals and meet like-minded animal lovers! It's a great way to make friends and spend time with cuddly critters. You also get to help lonely animals. You get to play with them, make sure they live in a clean environment, and help them find loving homes. You'll help guide people on their path to finding their dream pet. It's challenging work, but it can also be a rewarding process. Are you interested in potentially becoming a veterinarian or doing other work with animals? Volunteeringat a humane society will allow you to test out whetheryou’d like to pursue a career working with animals.Working as a shelter volunteer, you'll learn so much about what it takes to take care of animals. You'll learn how hard it is, how rewarding it is, and how sad it can be. By the end of your volunteer experience, you should have a good understanding of whether it's the work you want to do. Volunteering at an animal shelter can also be a great experience for your college application. Here at PrepScholar, we often recommend you try to be an expert in one field rather than well-rounded. Colleges want students who're experts in something.If your passion is animals, or something similar, working at an animal shelterwill look great on your application. Make sure you complement your animal shelter volunteer work with other animal-related experiences(i.e. hosting a fundraiser to build a dog park or gathering signatures to add an animal to the endangered species list). Additionally, many extracurricular experiences cost money (such asvolunteer abroad programs). Volunteering is a free extracurricular experience that won't cost you anything other than your time. I highly recommend engaging in volunteer work even if you ultimately decide an animal shelter is not the right place for you. Keep in mind that, as I said before, volunteer work is not all fun. You'll have to do menial work such as cleaning up after the animals beforeyou can play with them. Additionally, if you work at a kill shelter, you might getattached to animals who get adopted or euthanized.If you’re interested in working with animals (but don’t want to or can't work at an animal shelter), you could try some similar alternatives. Check out the next section for ideas. Alternatives to Volunteering at an Animal Shelter If you don’t have the time to commit to working at a shelter, consider job shadowing a veterinarian for a day or two.Job shadowing is a great, quick way to learn more about veterinary work. Another alternative isfostering an animal if youhave space at your house (and yourparents allow it).However, fostering is a big commitment, so make sure that you and your family have the time to dedicate to caring for the animal you foster. If you need to make money and don’t have the time to volunteer for free, consider trying to get a job as a dog walker or pet sitter.If you live in a major metropolitan area (NY, LA, Seattle, etc.), there is a dog walking app called Wag, where you can set your own hours to walk dogs. Consider checking it out! If you’re interested in medicine in general (and not just working with animals), consider doing a summer medical program, summer medical internship, volunteering at a hospital, or job shadowing a doctor.Read our other article on Medical Experiences for High School Students for more details (Coming soon!). What’s Next? If you’re a high school student looking for an extracurricular activity, learn about Model UN and how to join your high school newspaper. Looking for something to do this summer? You should check out the Emory Pre-College Program and the Boston University Summer Challenge. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Phoebus Apollos Partners, Progeny, and Family

Phoebus Apollo's Partners, Progeny, and Family Apollo  is the only principal god who has  the same name in Greek and  Roman  mythology.  He is portrayed as  a blend of physical superiority and moral virtue  and rules over a long list of objects and pursuits, ranging from  the  sun  and light, music and poetry, and healing and plagues to prophecy and knowledge, order and beauty, and archery and agriculture. He would seem to be busy, but he has had time to mate or attempt to mate with a long list of women and some men, siring many children along the way, mostly males. Apollos Women Marpessa: daughter of Euenos. Their offspring was Kleopatra, wife of Meleager, although her father may have been Idas.Chione: daughter of Daedalion. Their son was Philammon, sometimes said to be the son of Philonis.Koronis: daughter of AzanDaphne: daughter of GaiaArsinoe: daughter of Leukippos. Their son was Asklepios (Asclepius).Kassandra (Cassandra)Kyrene: Their son was AristaiosMelia: an Oceanid. Their child was Teneros.Eudne: daughter of Poseidon. Their son was Iamos.Thero: daughter of Phylas. Their child was ChaironPsamathe: daughter of Krotopos. Their son, Linos, was killed by dogs.Philonis: daughter of Deion. Their son, Philammon, was the first man to train choruses of young women, though sometimes his mother is given as Chione.Chrysothemis: Their child, Parthenos, was Apollos only daughter,  who became the constellation Virgo after an early death. Apollos Men Hyakinthos: attested in Ovid Met. 10.162-219Kyparissos: attested in Ovid Met. 10.106-42 The Ones Who Got Away Apollos most famous love was Daphne, a nymph who was vowed to Artemis, the goddess of the hunt and chastity, that she would remain eternally innocent. But Apollo fell for her and stalked her until Daphne could take it no more. She asked her father, the river god Peneus, to transform her into something else, and he made her a laurel tree. Apollo swore he would love her forever and from that day he has worn a laurel wreath as a token of his love. In an attempt to seduce the Trojan princess Cassandra, Apollo gave her  the gift of prophecy, but she eventually bailed out. Apollo  wasn’t allowed to recall his gift, but he found a way to spoil it: He took away her  powers of persuasion. So, even though her prophecies are always right, nobody believes her. More About Apollo The meaning of the name Apollo  is debated. Candidates for translations include  destroyer,† â€Å"redemptory,† â€Å"purifier,† â€Å"assembler,† and â€Å"stony.† Most scholars link his  name to the Greek word  apella,  meaning â€Å"a sheepfold† and suggesting that Apollo might originally have been merely a protector of flocks and herds instead of the many-faceted god he became. Apollo is the son of Zeus, the king of the Greek gods,  and Leto, one of Zeus many lovers.  She  incurred the wrath of Hera,  Zeus wife, who sent the dragon Python  after her rival. Apollo is considered the most perfectly developed male.  Beardless and athletically built, he is often depicted with the laurel crown on his head and either a bow and arrow or a lyre in his hands. Resources and Further Reading Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Johns Hopkins University, 1996.â€Å"Apollo, Greek God of the Sun and Light.† GreekMythology.com, 2019.

Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development Essay

Entrepreneurship And Small Business Development - Essay Example Entrepreneurship is also about making proper plans and arranging the resources required for converting the market opportunities into reality (Dyck and Neubert, 2008, p.173). While on the other hand, an entrepreneur is an individual who is focused on the decision of allocation and harmonization of scarce resources (Casson, 2003, p.19). Bill Gates, Steven Spielberg, Sam Walton, Gordon Moore, Ted Turner and Alan Sugar are among the eminent entrepreneurs of the world (Finance in the classroom, n.d.). However, in the context of this project Alan Sugar, the owner of Amstrad will be chosen as the entrepreneur on whom the study will be conducted. Alan Sugar is a successful entrepreneur and tasted success at an early age. The leadership skills of Alan Sugar are also noticeable. Hence considering all the relevant facts Alan Sugar is the ideal person. The study will focus on the attributes associated with an entrepreneur and also the theories related to it. The report will also highlight the re lation between the entrepreneurs and the theories applied. The report will then try to give an insight about the entrepreneur by considering the literature and the practical work. Finally, after analyzing the finding from the study, a conclusion will be drawn which will portray whether the null hypothesis holds true or it is rejected. An overview of the theory of leadership as applied to entrepreneurs Entrepreneurship has always been a subject of study that has been highly researched and theorized and is still in the developmental stage. Earlier studies have proposed that entrepreneurs are more inclined to unique psychological needs and are also more spontaneous, motivated to achieve their goals, takes more challenges and are also prone to take more risks. Hence an entrepreneur has to adapt according to the demand of the situation. The most important functions of an entrepreneur are as follows:- 1. Organization building: - An entrepreneur needs to organize all the relevant elements such as manpower, material and the related resources. The entrepreneur has to perform the function of planning, organization, and monitoring. The entrepreneur also needs to use the leadership skills to build a team, accumulate resources and finally solve the problems. According to Kilby, entrepreneurship is an important activity in developing countries and encompasses the following rule. Purchasing inputs. Managing finance. Managing production. Attaining charge over the limited resource. 2. Bearing Uncertainty and Risk: - According to the author Andrew F. Newman, an entrepreneur has to bear huge risk and uncertainty (Newman, 2007, p.1-2). Every decision related to the creation of a new product, incorporating new technologies, and taking up foreign venture involves risk and uncertainty. Thus in this uncertain environment entrepreneurs needs to make the decision by forecasting the associated risk. Since entrepreneurs are not gamblers, therefore, they take calculated risks. Entrepreneu rs also lead, create and take actions. Therefore all the mentioned behaviors produce leadership competencies. Leadership is about selecting the appropriate style according to the situation. Also, the characteristics of the person, who is being guided need to be considered (BBC, 2006). The leadership qualities are an important characteristic for an entrepreneur.

Gender Representation of Children's Television cartoon Essay

Gender Representation of Children's Television cartoon - Essay Example from choices of clothes to toys etc. This prejudice also alters the behavior of parents for instance, for girls it can be seen that they are treated delicately while boys are usually treated discourteously. Due to the behaviors of families towards labeling children as boys and girls, within the 18 months of their birth, infants begin to learn the dissimilarities between two genders by themselves. In this way, between 18 to 20 months, the gender identity begins to be constructed. The idea of gender differences becomes clear in the minds of children by the age of two. â€Å"Although they have not fabricated a view of their own gender, they can differentiate females and males and learn to divide the world between women and men. They define behaviors of woman and man (stereotypes about sexuality)†. For instance, in a study which was conducted with the children below age of 2, children acknowledged that boys like to play with cars while girls like to play with dolls and boys like t o push whereas girls like to cry. They define activities of adults as belonging to male and female. They also define colors according to gender. At this age, children are able to determine their own gender correctly and they understand that gender is a permanent characteristic. In later years, children’s communication with friends and in their schools also leads them to construct biased attitudes towards the two genders. One of the most vital contributing factors in internalizing gender stereotypes in children is Media. Katz and Boswell (1986) identified that among children, media and peers are more effective than parents in developing gender identification. For children, many television programs are integrated with gender discrimination intensively.... For children, many television programs are integrated with gender discrimination intensively. In TV programs, it can be clearly seen that one of the two genders is posed as dominant while others are insignificant characters. A large number of programs reveal male as more dominant and powerful character as compared to female character. Many of the shows that are being shown on TV are ordinary lives of ordinary people reflected on the screen. According to Mutlu, (1999) â€Å"Shortly, television is the extension of people's common, ordinary feelings and interests on screen† (Mutlu, 1999). As Williams states, â€Å"most of the television programs are extensions of daily talk† (Williams, 1992). Therefore, it is possible that all the contents of TV programs are actually society’s beliefs, ideas and traditions that are broadcasted on TV. It is really important for parents to know what their children are watching. Television exposes children to those things from which pa rents are striving to protect the m especially drug abuse, violence etc. Along with the actual television programs, children also get influenced by what they see in advertisements during commercial breaks. There are many negative aspects of watching too much TV. Watching TV too much can cause bedtime resistance and anxiety around sleep. It is also followed by shortened duration of sleep. Another study suggested that there is a strong relationship between watching too much TV and aggressive behavior of children. Children who spend significant amount of time in watching TV during early adulthood and adolescence are more likely to act aggressively against others. Watching too much TV also causes the problem of overweight and inactiveness among children. In TV programs, gender discrimination is also actually a

Identify and Discuss the Change of Activity and Costs Structure within Essay

Identify and Discuss the Change of Activity and Costs Structure within the Supply Chain ifLB Looked to a Third Party Logistics - Essay Example This paper examines critical issues related to Lauritzen Bulkers - LB, one of the leading dry bulk shipping firms in the world with its head quarters in Netherlands (Wolf, 2008). The paper first presents a brief literature review about SCM and then it discuses the change of activity and costs structure within the supply chain if LB looked to a third party logistics provider to supply their transport needs. The paper also examines the extent to which this would impact LB gaining ISO 14000 recognition. LB is a very large shipping company that owns a large number of carriers and it has taken up partnerships with other shipping firms and uses third party logistics. As per the annual report (LB, 2011), by 2011, LB controlled through its owned assets and with those of its network partners, 100 ships of different sizes such as Handymax, Handysize, Capesize and Panamax bulk carriers. Through its subsidiary Lauritzen Kosan, LB controlled a combined fleet of 44 semi-refrigerated ships. Gas car riers for Ethylene, fully pressurised gas carriers, and several smaller refrigerated gas carriers. The firm also controlled 2 numbers very large oil carriers, DP shuttle tankers, and 18 MR product tankers. 2. Literature Review An efficient supply chain can reduce costs, increase efficiency and help to retain customers. Organisations across the world have come to depend on supply chains to service their production lines, fill customer orders and retail shelves. Some important aspects of SCM are discussed in this chapter. 2.1. Nature of supply chains and networks A critical review of Hugos (2011), supply chain management is not merely about picking items from one point and dropping it to another. It is more about estimating demand correctly, understanding the lead-time for procurement and then placing the order for manufacturing. If the lead-time estimation is excessive, then inventory is more and lead to excessive costs while lesser lead-time means the risk of stock out. There is als o the economic order that indicates the minimum quantity required in a shipment. Shipping and logistics firms are integrated with the operations of large buyers so that efficiency is maintained, the quality of service is prompt and reliability of service is unfailing. 2.2. Cost structures in Supply Chains Supply chain analytics often focus on reducing cost structures of the supply chain. This is mainly done because in a procurement cycle, other than the basic product cost, the cost of the supply chain makes up a major component of the cost. The percentage of cost varies from 35% to 55% of the product costs. For perishable items such as dairy products, meat and poultry products, livestock, the costs are more than 67%. Much depends on the distance travelled, the nature of product, pressure for on time delivery, possibility of wastage and loss and other factors (Deloitte, 2012). A critical review of Xia (2003) shows that some of the cost structures in an organisation are inventory carr ying costs, production costs, inspection costs, logistics costs, transportation and handling costs, storage costs, onward forwarding costs and other costs due to delays in berthing, availability of shipping and so on. Some of the costs are borne by the organisation while some are borne by the

Global Governance in the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Governance in the 21st Century - Essay Example However, defense spending as percentage of the federal budget was high: 17.53% in 1940, 47.15% in 1941, 73.06% in 1942, 69.18% in 1943, 86.68% in 1944, and 89.49% in 1945 (Tassava, 2010). In contrast, inflation in America during the war was not too high: annual rate of 3.5% from April 1942 to June 1946, annual rate of 10.3 percent in six months prior to April 1942, and annually rate of 28% six months prior to June 1946 (Tassava, 2010). In addition, according to Tassava (2010), American wages rose by 65 percent during the war and this indicated that â€Å"many American civilians enjoyed a stable or even improving quality of life.† Yet, the period from the end of World War II to the current century has been associated with a decline in British power also known as the â€Å"British decline† (Reynolds, 2002, p. 215). Axis power (Japan, Germany, and Italy) adventurism and expansionism made the idea of the United Nations appealing to many of the world’s countries in th e mid-20th century. The combination of economic power and moral ascendancy in the fight against the axis powers gave America the influence and capability to support the organization of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. In 1947, President Harry Truman made a declaration known as the Truman doctrine in which America â€Å"pledge to assist virtually any government threatened by communists† (Higgs, 2005, p. 3). The US has taken several initiatives worldwide. â€Å"To secure the U.S. position in Europe,† America devised Marshall Plan and â€Å"entered the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949† (Higgs, 2005, p. 3). During the 1950s, the U.S. intervened in the Korean War and has... This essay analyzes the subject of Global governance in the 21st century and also describes the United States during the early 20th and mid-20th century, when America managed to overcome her setbacks during the great depression by significant nominal gross domestic product growths. The researcher also discusses the relevance of World War II to America’s rise to global leadership in 1945 and US interest and role in creating the institutional and ideological foundations of the post-World War II international system. Finally, the researcher also assess the validity of the criticisms leveled against the IMF with reference to policy prescriptions for Third World countries. With reference to key economic indicator for any third world country of your choice, the researcher aims to illustrate the difference between the traditional economic notion of development (i.e., economic growth) and human development. In addition, the researcher also aims to discuss four factors, which militate against human development and economic well-being of the people in Philippine country. This essay also suggests several reforms, that were necessary to make multilateral institutions such the IMF and WTO more responsive to the interest of third world countries in human development in the global south. In conclusion, it is clear that not only are the problems of development cutting across several dimensions but the roots of underdevelopment can also be multi-dimensional or not limited to economic variables.

Islamic Finance Law Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islamic Finance Law - Dissertation Example The paper would therefore be analysing the role of Islamic finance in the fast transforming environment of global economy with the view that it has brought in more radical but ethical paradigms within financial system of contemporary times. Historical background The Ottoman Empire in the pre WWI era has perhaps been the most prominent exponent of using tenets of Islamic finance in their trade and business transactions. The close trade relationship with their European counterparts, Islamic finance was closely aligned with that of European financial system. The system worked on the basis of sharing of profit and loss (Chachi, 2005). But post WWI and WWII brought into focus the divergent ideologies of two financial system into sharp focus. While the western economy and financial system was based on interest bearing instruments, Islamic finance was rigidly guided by the religious tenets of Islam which forbids transactions based on interests or gains made through unethical means (Ahmad, 1 972)). In the contemporary times, Islamic finance has seen unprecedented growth primarily because of its fundamental principles based on Shariah guidelines (Anwar, 2008; Sundararajan & Errico, 2002). Principles of Islamic law and financial transactions under it Islamic finance is based on Islamic law that conforms to the Shariah guidelines of ethical practices in personal and business arena. Thus, Shariah can broadly be referred as Islamic law that defines the duties of man and the way they should be carried out (Vogel & Hayes, 1998; Hasanuzzaman, 1997). Shariah is part of Quran, the religious scripture of Muslims and is written in Arabic language. The interpretation of Shariah scholars therefore, may differ but the fundamental principle of ethics remains same. But Hadith, qiyas, idjma and fatwas are also key sources which inspire the ethical and moral considerations within the business transactions in Islamic finance (El-Gamal, 2006; Shahrukh, 1997; Pryor, 1985). Shariah principles are based on equity and prohibit financial transactions and activities that incorporate gharar (uncertainty), maiser (gambling) and riba (interest income) (Thomas, 2005; Nienhaus, 1986; Hasanuzzaman, 1994). The shariah compliance is vital element of Islamic finance products. Interestingly in the current times of highly sensitive global market, Islamic finance offers huge incentives in terms of ethically delivered financial instruments in myriad areas of finance (Venardos, 2005; Cooper, 1997; Ariff, 1988). It has made forays into banking, market risks and credit, insurance, liquidity management etc. and is fast emerging as credible alternative investment forum. Main Sharia compliant transaction structure and how they are used in practice All Islamic financial institutions are distinct in their constitution of board that comprises of financial experts and shariah scholars who evaluate the validity of financial instruments as per shariah principles. It uses various financial structure s that conform to shariah but at the same time, adequately meet the needs of people in the contemporary times (Hasanuzzaman, 1971; Saeed, 1995). Some of those financial methodologies can be defined as under: Zakah: It is vital instrument that promotes social justice by ensuring that people who own more than nisab (basic need) must make donation of 2.5% of their yearly assets. The social funds are used to meet the needs of the poor. Murabaha:

Global Governance in the 21st Century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global Governance in the 21st Century - Essay Example However, defense spending as percentage of the federal budget was high: 17.53% in 1940, 47.15% in 1941, 73.06% in 1942, 69.18% in 1943, 86.68% in 1944, and 89.49% in 1945 (Tassava, 2010). In contrast, inflation in America during the war was not too high: annual rate of 3.5% from April 1942 to June 1946, annual rate of 10.3 percent in six months prior to April 1942, and annually rate of 28% six months prior to June 1946 (Tassava, 2010). In addition, according to Tassava (2010), American wages rose by 65 percent during the war and this indicated that â€Å"many American civilians enjoyed a stable or even improving quality of life.† Yet, the period from the end of World War II to the current century has been associated with a decline in British power also known as the â€Å"British decline† (Reynolds, 2002, p. 215). Axis power (Japan, Germany, and Italy) adventurism and expansionism made the idea of the United Nations appealing to many of the world’s countries in th e mid-20th century. The combination of economic power and moral ascendancy in the fight against the axis powers gave America the influence and capability to support the organization of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. In 1947, President Harry Truman made a declaration known as the Truman doctrine in which America â€Å"pledge to assist virtually any government threatened by communists† (Higgs, 2005, p. 3). The US has taken several initiatives worldwide. â€Å"To secure the U.S. position in Europe,† America devised Marshall Plan and â€Å"entered the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949† (Higgs, 2005, p. 3). During the 1950s, the U.S. intervened in the Korean War and has... This essay analyzes the subject of Global governance in the 21st century and also describes the United States during the early 20th and mid-20th century, when America managed to overcome her setbacks during the great depression by significant nominal gross domestic product growths. The researcher also discusses the relevance of World War II to America’s rise to global leadership in 1945 and US interest and role in creating the institutional and ideological foundations of the post-World War II international system. Finally, the researcher also assess the validity of the criticisms leveled against the IMF with reference to policy prescriptions for Third World countries. With reference to key economic indicator for any third world country of your choice, the researcher aims to illustrate the difference between the traditional economic notion of development (i.e., economic growth) and human development. In addition, the researcher also aims to discuss four factors, which militate against human development and economic well-being of the people in Philippine country. This essay also suggests several reforms, that were necessary to make multilateral institutions such the IMF and WTO more responsive to the interest of third world countries in human development in the global south. In conclusion, it is clear that not only are the problems of development cutting across several dimensions but the roots of underdevelopment can also be multi-dimensional or not limited to economic variables.

Tinnitus and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tinnitus and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss - Essay Example In this discussion tinnitus is defined as: "The perception of a sound that results exclusively from the activity within the nervous system without any corresponding mechanical, vibrating activity with the cochlea." Almost every known hearing problem is in someway associated with tinnitus. For approximately 40 million Americans, it is a permanent condition. It is considered a debilitating condition for around 10 million of those individuals (USACHPPM, 2010). It is important to know that tinnitus does not cause hearing loss. However, the two together can interfere with concentration, focus, and attention span within an individual. Noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus have even been associated with insomnia and depression (USACHPPM, 2010). So, what is the treatment for noise-induced tinnitus According to USACHPPM (2010), "The short answer is that chronic, noise-induced tinnitus is not treatable, but there are management strategies that attempt to control reactions to the tinnitus."

Personal Computer and Dell Essay Example for Free

Personal Computer and Dell Essay Synopsis: In 1984 Dell Inc. was founded by University of Texas freshmen, Michael Dell. Dell would buy computers from the excess inventory of local retailers and revamp them to sell out of his trunk. Dell was able to sell his computers at 10%-15% below retail price. After Dell’s freshmen year he dropped out to run his business full time. By 1995 Dell had sales of nearly $3. 5 billion and was one of the top five PC vendors in the world. Dell focused on customer support and service and became the master of process engineering and supply chain management. Dell has faced many challenges including distribution through US retail stores, management changes, and keeping up with its competitors. Since consumers aren’t willing to pay huge amounts of money for computers unless they were unique, Dell is at a crossroads. Which road Dell chooses to follow will determine its future. Resources: Dell Inc. ’s most valuable resource has been Michael Dell and its ability to sell computers at 10-15% below market value. Another huge resource is the executive team that Dell formed for guidance. Capabilities: Dell’s capability at producing products at a lower cost to its consumers is key. By adding services such as laptops, software/peripherals, servers/networking, services, and storage Dell expanded its capabilities. With the added services Dell can keep pace with its competitors. Core Competencies: Dell’s core competencies are the ability to offer quality products at cheaper prices, personalized orders, and the ability to keep their inventory relatively low. These competencies have helped Dell become a leader in the computer industry. Finding of Fact: Dell is currently at a crossroads; the company’s margins aren’t in a favorable position for the company. In 2010 yes their net income rose, but was still only 2. 91% of net revenue. Dell’s consumers are no longer willing to pay top dollar for a computer, unless it was unique. Competitors are selling laptops for around $300. Tablets have pushed Dell’s laptop sales down as well. Many more competitors have stepped into the industry since Dell first was founded. Dell also spends about 1% of its sales on research and development, while other companies spend about 5%. Justified Recommendation: Dell should invest more of its money into research and development for its products. Technology is constantly changing and for Dell to stay ahead or at least at the same pace, research and development is a must. I’m not saying Dell needs to go out and hire some new employees for this team. Dell could use members from each of its sections to help brainstorm and come up with new and innovative ideas. Innovative employees are invaluable to a company. Dell’s management should perform environmental scanning both internally and externally to find Dells SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats). Once SWOT is determined management could strategically figure out how to move forward. Environmental scanning shouldn’t be done just when a company finds it has â€Å"hit a bump in the road†, but periodically to keep the company innovative and make sure it is on the correct path. Dell should also perform an industry analysis. This analysis will review potential entrants, buyers, substitutes, suppliers, other stakeholders, and competitors. By completing the analysis a company can determine the high and low forces against the company. The low forces could be turned into a possible opportunity or based on the analysis results, the company could switch strategies.

Albert Camus The Outsider Meursault

Albert Camus The Outsider Meursault Statement of intent: This assignment is based on Albert Camus The Outsider. One of the classic examples of an existentialist novel, The Outsider tells the story of an unremarkable man, living a simple, bachelor existence in Algeria. He is unmoved by his mothers death, and a day after begins a love affair with Marie Cordona. He soon after becomes involved in a violent murder and is placed on trial. Because of his refusal to lie and give in to societys demands (pretending to feel grief and remorse), he eventually condemns himself and is put to death. In this assignment I wish to convey Marie Cordonas feelings about Meursault and her view of his case. Marie is a simple, uncomplicated girl who enjoys life, appears to fall in love easily, wants to marry Meursault and live a normal life. Though she is slightly shocked when Meursault tells her that his mother died only a day before their meeting at the pool, she does not rethink spending time with him or watching a comedy with him. Like Meursault, Marie takes pleasure in physical contact; she often kisses him and enjoys the act of sex. However, Meursaults affection for Marie is purely physical while her affection for him evokes a deeper sentimental and emotional attachment. At first she doesnt understand Meursaults character and is taken aback by his indifference of love: She asked me if I loved her. I told her that it didnt mean anything but that I didnt think so. She looked sad. When Meursault expresses the same attitude towards marriage, again she is confused However, though she may be disappointed, she never considers ending the relationship or does not rethink her desire to marry him and indeed, throughout the novel I believe she starts to gain an acceptance of his behaviour, an understanding perhaps. Her attraction towards him seems, in fact, to stem from the fact that she is intrigued by his persona, his strange behavior seems to be part of his appeal for her She mumbled that I was peculiar, that that was probably why she loved me but that one day I might disgust her for the very same reason. Marie remains loyal to Meursault when he is arrested and put on trial, she visits him in prison and writes him letters and then testifies in his favor during the court case. She remains faithful and hopeful and imagines a life once Meursault is let out: she was still smilingshe shouted again, Youll get out and well get married! Marie never expresses appall or anger towards Meursault or his actions, she never doubts that he is an innocent man and that the crime he committed does not reflect his true self: Marie burst into tears and said it wasnt like thatshe knew me and I hadnt done anything wrong However, because Marie stays hopeful throughout, she never reaches the understanding Meursault attains at the end. While Meursault realizes and accepts the indifference of the universe, Marie never understands the redemptive value of abandoning hope, and her hope is therefore shattered when Meursault is eventually put to death. For the purpose of this assignment, it has been imagined that there were some sort of funeral proceedings after Meursaults execution. After all, though his strange behaviour remained a mystery to most that surrounded him, many did not judge him and accepted him as he was, knowing that, despite his actions he was not an evil man, nor did he have a criminal mind. By assuming that there were funeral proceedings, a situation is created where a eulogy from the perspective of one of the people of Meursaults close entourage wouldve been spoken out. Marie, having been intimately involved with him and having been one of those who observed and tried to analyse him, seems to be an appropriate choice for this task. A eulogy should be personal; it shares happy memories, tells anecdotes and describes the persons character. It also aims to express the values that were important to the deceased, highlights accomplishments and career or educational merits. The aim of this assignment is therefore to do this from Maries point of view, about Meursault. The eulogy: I once asked Meursault if he loved me. It doesnt mean anything he replied, but I dont think so. One would naturally feel offended by such a response, and I wasat first. But I soon came to understand that this was Meursault. This was Meursault in his all his splendor and it is for this peculiar nature of his that I believe I was attracted to him, loved him even. I first met Meursault when I was working as a typist in the office where he worked. He had always struck me as handsome young man, charming and somewhat mysterious. We had connected and enjoyed each others company. However it was short lived as I soon found a job elsewhere and left the company. I had not seen him for several months when we bumped into each other at the bathing station at the port It is true that I wouldnt have thought for a single moment that his mother had died only a day earlier; we spent a wonderful afternoon swimming and enjoying the sun together, I was happy, he was happy, and we just felt so comfortable around each other that we engaged in a relationship that very day. I was slightly taken aback when he told me his mother had died the day before, and it didnt seem natural that he would he take me out to see a Fernandel film after such an event, but I must admit that I had soon forgotten about it. After all we were both just two young people, enjoying an easy life, a life that, for Meursault, in spite of everything had not really changed. So why were we to deprive ourselves? Meursault was an intelligent man, though not ambitious. He valued his simple yet exotic life, over a wealthier career opportunity in Paris. He enjoyed the simple pleasures in life; lazing on the beach, swimming in the sea, going to cinemas It is always something I loved about spending time with him, I always felt carefree, relaxed, beautiful. I could always be myself around him, he never judged or complained. Ill miss our beach excursions, our romantic nights to the cinema, and our playful adventures in the sea. Meursault was uninterested in grieving death, proposing marriage, loving even. But he had a passion for something I believe to be much more admirable. Honesty was what I valued most in him. He was an honest man, purely and sometimes painfully, and maybe he did not love me in the conventional sense of the word, but he was in love with something much greater, something our society today seems to value less and less; Meursault was stubbornly yet admirably in love with truth. I still remember visiting him at the prison; I was so full of hope and blind determination that when it would all be over, we would be married, and we would go swimming again, we would enjoy life together. Maybe I thought the jury would be able to see the man he really was, the man I knew, and would spare him. Yes, he did kill a man. Yes, he never showed grief for his mothers death. But he was no murderer. He was a criminal only to our societys rules and codes of conduct. Is it wrong not to pretend grief? Not to pretend remorse? Love? In this conventional society yes; pretending and lying would have saved Meursault. But he was true to himself, he refused to be a hypocrite and pretend to emotions he did not feel and for that I believe he cannot be blamed. Unfortunately it is for that reason that he was condemned and that he is no longer here with us today. But I hope that all of you gathered here now, think of him like I do, not as a murderer, not as a criminal, but as a man who, without any heroic pretensions, agreed to give his life for the truth. And for this I believe he deserves our respect and admiration. Meursault, je taime.

Rembrandts Painting An Old Man in Military Costume Essay example -- P

Rembrandt's Painting "An Old Man in Military Costume" With an extraordinary intensity, Rembrandt van Rijn’s â€Å"An Old Man in Military Costume† is an example of the artist’s use of dynamic lighting. The painting, on display at the Getty Museum, contains a single figure, an old man dressed in a military uniform. While one may appreciate the beauty of the work, to fully experience the passion and genius of the artist, it is necessary to see the painting in person. The delicate details that may be missed by a digital image are easily caught by the human eye. The proper way to view a Rembrandt is in the flesh; the difference is amazing. Born in Leiden, Netherlands, Rembrandt was the son of a miller and a baker’s daughter. Unsatisfied with life at the University of Leiden, Rembrandt left school to pursue painting. He studied under Pieter Lastman who introduced the young painter to the works of Italian masters, particularly Caravaggio. Even though Rembrandt never traveled to Italy, his works bear the stamp of Italian influence, especially in his preference for dramatic lighting over Dutch smoothness. Moving to Amsterdam in 1631, Rembrandt began working for commission and became very successful. He painted â€Å"An Old Man in Military Costume† in 1631, during a time when his work was characterized by strong lighting effects. Neither a religious work nor a commissioned portrait, this work is more than likely one that Rembrandt painted for himself. An unusual painting, â€Å"An Old Man in Military Costume† is a solitary figure against a blank background. The figure, an old man, is dressed in a somber military outfit; a simple costume without any frills or finery. The only decoration is a... ... I was also impressed with the thought that Rembrandt touched the same canvas that I was viewing almost four hundred years ago. The painting serves as a direct link into the past; a past that is remarkable for all it accomplished. A wonderful artistic example of light contrasting with dark, â€Å"Old Man in a Military Costume† is a remembrance of how closely connected we are with the past. When artists or historical figures are merely memorized names, they lose some of their impact; experiencing part of their lives reminds viewers of their humanity. Rembrandt’s painting has many visual layers while containing political and historical significance as well. Work Cited Elizabeth I. â€Å"To the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada.† The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Vol 1B. Ed. David Damrosch. New York: Longman, 2003.

Factors that affected the health and the well being of people during the 19th and 20th Century’s

Poor people lived in Small houses in cramped streets. These homes would share toilet facilities, have open sewers and would be susceptible to damp. Overcrowding was also a major issue. The population of Britain virtually doubled between 1801 and 1851 to about 18,000,000 largely as a result of an increased birth-rate and a lowered mortality rate. This rapid growth meant that there were far fewer dwellings than the numbered needed. A report from the London statistical society states that in 1847 a street in St Giles where, in 1841, 27 houses with an average of 5 rooms had 655 occupants, by 1847 the same houses contained 1,095 people. Such dwellings lacked light and space and had no fresh water or any other means of refuse disposal. The houses were likely to be adjacent to open sewers and piles or rotting animals and vegetable waste. (Referenced from The health of adult Britain, 1841-1994) All these factors contributed to the poor health and death rate of the people living in the 1800's. As a result many people died due to the diseases which came about during this time, the over crowding issue became a breeding ground for any disease and it spread like wildfire within a house or even a street and would quickly over come the people. These conditions were very unsuitable and resulted in a high death rate, combined with the poor sanitation and poor waste disposal living in these times was extremely horrific. I cannot see many, if any positive factors about these living conditions; it was horrid and very hard to live like this. Many people died due to the lack of hygiene and sanitation. Perhaps one positive was that no one was ever lonely but saying that, you never got time to yourself either. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet HEALTH The main issues affecting this area were disease. Such diseases were * Smallpox * Cholera * Influenza * Typhus * Typhoid * Tuberculosis Disease affected everyone, regardless of class or background. As there were no immunisations available in this time, many millions of people died, worldwide. Smallpox was one of the the worst, killing between 300-500 million people during the 20th Century. Cholera was also extremely common and was caused by drinking unclean water and eating undercooked fish. Due to such poor sanitation this disease spread rapidly, drinking contaminated water, which people had no choice about and also it was carried in faeces, which in the 18th Century was literally just thrown onto the streets and joined the drinking water that people used. Typhoid was another illness spread in the same way. As the NHS didn't come in until 1950 so many people suffered from these diseases and it killed so many. The living conditions that people lived in during this time period, contributed almost entirely to the wild spread of disease. The poor sanitation as well as the over crowdedness of the homes was just what was needed for the disease to spread. It was a horrible time to live in. Luckily though it did start to improve between 1990-1950, this was due to the new laws that were introduced. HEALTH PROVISION Pre 1800's there really wasn't any health provisions in place at all, yes there was hospital and such like but nurses weren't trained and the conditions of these hospitals very unhealthy. When health provisions did come, it was a very positive thing, it introduced the need for nurse and doctor training and also it is when anaesthetics and vaccines were introduced. Nitrous oxide was often used as an anaesthetic but the effects often wore of before the surgery was complete. In 1847 Chloroform was eventually used instead which keep patients asleep longer. Doctors also used unclean, un-sterile equipment and many people died from blood poisoning. Vaccines were introduced and the first one was the Small pox vaccine, discovered by Edward Jenner in 1789, it was to be nearly another 100 years before another vaccine was found. – 1798 smallpox vaccination introduced – 1880 Cholera vaccination introduced – 1881 Anthrax vaccination introduced – 1885 Rabies vaccination introduced – 1896 Typhoid vaccination introduced – 1906 Tuberculosis vaccination introduced – 1913 Diphtheria vaccination introduced – 1927 Tetanus vaccination introduced – 1952 Whooping cough vaccination introduced – 1954 Polio vaccination introduced – 1964 Measles vaccination introduced During this period Stethoscopes were also invented. Rene Theophile Hyacithe Laennec, a pupil from Paris invented the stethoscope ion 1816. To start with the stethoscope was a simple wooden cylinder, about 9 inches long with a single earpiece. In 1895 a man called Willhelm Rontgen discovered the X-ray. This gave doctors expertise in locating broken bones and treating them and also giving clinical and pathological descriptions of a range of pulmonary ailments like Bronchitis, pneumonia and TB. The advances in medicine during this time was life saving. It gave people vaccines to try to rid them and the country of horrible disease. Both animals and people could now live longer and healthier lives as a result of these vaccines and medical advances. WORK Children were sent out to work from a young age. They were made to work to help support their families. Many earned just pennies by becoming chimney sweeps or working on the streets running errands. The industrial revolution resulted in many children being employed in large factories and were often responsible for operating dangerous machinery. Children's health suffered due to this as soot from the chimneys gave them chest complaints and many children became seriously injured as a result of operating such dangerous machines. Many other children worked as servants in the homes of the rich, in the 1850's one in nine of all female children over the age of 10, worked in domestic service. (Referenced from ourwardfamily.com) Women's roles In the early 1800's, a married woman had one task; to stay home all day and keep the home for her husband. If she was a mother, she would be solely responsible for the children's raising and wellness. They were also responsible for cooking and cleaning. Other women worked as servants or slaves helping out another wife with her household duties, or sometimes acting as a substitute if there was no wife. Many women also took on mens jobs, such as blacksmiths, barbers and printers and once women were employed in factories, this was a main role. The factory employer hired women and children as they were cheaper to employ. Women were working more so spending a lot more time away from the family home. SOCIAL POLICY Social policy consisted of many laws that came into effect during this time. These included:- 1802 – Factory act was passed, 1842 – Coal mine act. No girls, women or boys under the age of 10 were to go underground. 1848 – First public health act. 1975 act updated. 1870 – Education act. 2000 districts to have schools and the school board is born. 1871 – Local government established. 1875 – Artisan dwelling improvements bill. This gave local authorities power to pull down slums and erect good houses. The poor law was the system for the provision of social security from the 16th century up until the establishment of the Welfare State in the 20th Century. The original Poor law act of 1601 stated that * to board out (making a payment to families wiling to except them) those young children who were orphaned or whose parents could not maintain them * to provide materials to ‘set the poor on work' * to offer relief to people who were unable to work – mainly those who were lame, old, blind and impotent * ‘the putting out of children to be apprentices' (referenced from wikpedia.org) The education act was another great act, it meant that children now had to go to school and could not be forced into work. This was a good law but it also made the poorer families poorer as the children were not bringing in a wage each week. All the above laws were positive. They brought major changes for families and also ensured that people had money and children had education. The factory act was the most beneficial to children. It was reviewed and changes were made 4 times. The original act said that children could not work more than 12 hours a day and then this was reviewed and in 1844 the hours of work for children was not to exceed 6 1/2 hours a day. Children under the age of nine were also not allowed to work and by 1844 certificates of age had to be given for children. Children benefited greatly from these acts, education at last for them was greatly beneficial, although this kept them from working and bringing in an income. The public health act was essential to combat illness and when this was passed it meant the end to dirty water in the middle of streets, drains and sewers were now inplace. Generally the whole of the era was a sad time. Not many positive outcomes could be had but some got through. The introduction of vaccines and general laws benefited these people greatly and indeed stopped the mass spread of disease and infections. The new laws that came into place saved many children lives by restricting working hours and sending them to school. All the above named factors had a massive part in the state of the health in the 1800's. It was a horrible time to live in but was made easier by the many rules and changes that came into place.

Active Vibration Control Importance In Mechanical Systems Engineering Essay

This literature study is based on active quiver control and its technology importance in systems ( mechanical ) . Active quiver control is the procedure of minimizing, insulating or rarefying forces imposed by quiver, by actively using opposing forces in order to acquire a desirable status which may be vibration-free or a minimized status. The active control of quiver is of great importance in design of mechanical systems like choppers, where the usage of active quiver control method, has offered a better comfort for the rider with less weight than the inactive alteration, which is the 2nd chief method of commanding quiver. Active control is besides used in cut downing low frequence quiver in constructions by utilizing lightweight quiver actuators like piezoelectric ceramic. Many industrial operations and procedures can non take topographic point if the industrial equipments are non operated in a vibration-free status, this necessitates quiver control. Since quiver may be caused by the instability in most machine parts ( revolving parts like bearings, shaft, cogwheels, flywheel etc ) the cognition of active quiver control is indispensable for the machine interior decorator in order to bring forth an efficient and effectual machine systems for modern twenty-four hours fabrication. Active quiver control has up to four me thods viz. : matrix method, theoretical finite component method, frequence response map and receptances method. The receptance method involve poles and zeros arrangement ( assignment of characteristic root of a square matrixs ) which changes the natural frequences to avoid resonance. However, the construct of classical quiver absorber can be related to a Frahm who registered US patent in 1909 for a device muffling quiver organic structures [ 1 ] . The theory of quiver soaking up foremost appeared in 1928 [ 2 ] in an unfastened literature and was made widely available in 1943 in the first edition of a book authored by J.P Den Hartog, ‘Mechanical quiver ‘ [ 3 ] . There are two chief types of quiver control viz. : the inactive structural alteration and active quiver control. The application of the former can be traced back to the work of Duncan [ 4 ] . In 1941 he determined the dynamic features of a compound system formed from two or more subsystems with complecting belongingss and known receptances.The assignment of characteristic root of a square matrix in active control community started in 1960 ‘s when Wonham [ 5 ] gave an exhibition that poles of a system could be assigned by a province feedback in a state of affairs whereby the system can be controlled. Kautsky et.al [ 6 ] described the numerical method for happening robust ( good conditioned ) solutions to the province feedback pole assignment job by specifying a solution infinite of linearly independent eigenvectors, matching to the characteristic root of a square matrixs required. The solutions gotten were such that the sensitiveness of poles assigned to disturbances in the systems and addition matrices was reduced. One of the interesting facet in active quiver control is the quadratic characteristic root of a square matrix job ( QEP ) taken into history by Tisseur and Mbergeen [ 7 ] , they described the assorted linearization i.e. transmutation of QEP into additive generalized eigenvalue jobs with the same characteristic root of a square matrixs and computational method besides integrating as many types of package available like matlab. A study of experimental and theoretical survey of active quiver control was carried out, with some documents that contained the relevant surveies. The literature study majorly contained past research work done by little figure of establishments and experts with their different techniques and so follows a brief treatment on documents of peculiar involvement.1.1 Experimental Surveies1.1.1 Techniques used in University of SouthamptonNumerous sum of work has been published, this mainly uses speed feedback. In publication of Brennan et Al. [ 8 ] , five different actuators were compared ( magnetostrictive, electromagnetic and three piezoelectric types ) . There was a balance in all the devices between supplanting and force generating public presentation ; hence a method of mensurating the balance was deduced. Improvement would hold been made, because it was written as far back as 1998, particularly in piezoelectric. Decentralised speed feedback is described in publication work of Serrand and Elliot [ 9 ] , on a stiff construction with a brace of about collocated detectors electromagnetic actuators, which are in parallel with a inactive saddle horse. Two control channels which are independent were used and shown to rarefy low manners ( 40dB ) mostly and be stable to little fluctuations in mass. The published work of Sang-Myeong et Al, . [ 10 ] Shows that the decentralized control is expanded to a stiff construction with four detectors and actuators, and so follows the same set up in a flexible construction [ 11 ] . The control strategy was used to rarefy low frequence which is less than 100 Hz quiver by up to 14 dubnium, limited by the instability of the low frequence introduced from filtrating stage displacements. State feedback from speed and force measuring Benassi et al [ 12 ] is used on a 3 grade of freedom ( DOF ) system, utilizing an actuator of individual inactiveness. The feedback cringle of interior force ( with a phase-lag compensator ) , reduces the natural frequence and adds considerable muffling. Control attempt and consequence can be compared to a linear-quadratic regulator ( LQ R ) .In published work of Benassi et al. , [ 13 ] , the same system was used for displacement feedback, with PID used to forestall the sagging of the actuator and to modify the natural frequence of the actuator. Highpass filters are used on the four on the four detector and actuator decentralized system Brennan et al [ 14 ] to give an fading of 20 dubnium for manners at frequence less than 100 Hz. In ( Brennan et al, 2007 ) , the instability introduced from filtrating as a consequence of stage displacement is tested on the two actuator system described in the published work of Serrand and Elliot ( 2000 ) . Condition for stableness of supplanting, speed and acceleration feedback using highpass filters were developed, it was besides shown that high damping and relatively low corner frequences are desirable for supplanting and speed feedback. Gatti et Al ( 2007 ) used collocated piezoelectric transducer actuators and accelerometers, and dampen quiver by explicitly ciphering the minimum kinetic energy of the system. The system was found to be unstable when much lower additions lower than maximal theoretical were used. An absolute speed control ( AVF ) strategy ( Yan Et Al, Journal of sound quiver ) was shown to be effectual at rarefying merely low frequence manners therefore get jobs with the actuator resonances which is stabilized by a lead compensator.1.1.2 Techniques used in Virginia TechWilliam et al [ 11 ] provides a general reappraisal of the operation of four different types of piezoceramic actuators, with the preliminary trial of d31 consequence of Macro Fibre Composites ( MFCs ) on a 1.8 meters diameter inflatable toroid ( hard state of affairs to prove, because of its flexibleness ) . Sodano et al [ 12 ] ran Single Input Single Output ( SISO ) and Multiple Input and Multiple Output ( MIMO ) tests on the same cons truction, utilizing MFC detectors [ 13 ] .In order to excite the whole toroid, a big propulsion force was required ( 800V through the MFC, 0-200Hz ) . Comparison was made between control strategies utilizing both sets of detectors on the toroid construction utilizing PPF ( Sodano, 2004 ) . The cleaner The PVDF detectors allowed lower fading when compared to that of cleaner signals from the MFCs which allow a significantly higher fading. Positive Velocity Feedback ( PVF ) was used by Tarazaga et al [ 15 ] to stifle a little inflatable construction, and compared instrument like optical maser vibrometer, accelerometer and strain gage detectors. Four FMC actuators were used while their control parametric quantities were tuned by manus. A 23 dubnium decrease was achieved in one manner with feeling via optical maser vibrometer, 7.db with strain gage. Alhazza et al [ 16 ] conducted a elaborate probe on delayed feedback of a non-collocated PZT patch/accelerometer brace clamped on abeam, to stifle two manners at the same time. It has been shown that the muffling control is maximised where each pole has existent parts of similar magnitudes. Mahmoodi et al [ 17 ] used modified positive place feedback on an aluminum beam with two braces of MFC sensor/actuator. They besides used realtime Fast Fourier Transform monitoring in dSPACE to about find the resonances of the system and alter the frequence of the accountant consequently. A big amplitude decrease was achieved in two manners ( 23-37 dubnium ) and a little alteration in frequences as an inauspicious consequence.1.1.3 Techniques used in BrusselsPerumont have written many documents but the most recent one is based on isolation of warheads. Hanieh and Perumont [ 18 ] used relative and built-in compensators to cut down the natural frequence of an isolator construction by half ( 50 % ) , although this does non specifically place the poles. They highlighted the usage of built-in addition to brace the system for increasing relative addition. Marneffe and Perumont [ 19 ] showed that manners can be dampened by negative electrical capacity shunt circuits utilizing PZT actuators every bit good as increasing or diminishing the natural frequencies..This method does non stifle every bit good as Integrated Force Feedback ( IFF ) , nevertheless poles are non specified clearly. The system can besides supply some inactive fading. Preumont et al [ 20 ] described decentralized force feedback on six-axis isolator in order to stifle three widely spaced manners of frequence ( 3-400 Hz ) close to 40 dubniums. They discovered that the demand for highpass filter with a really low corner frequence whish stabilise the integrated signals has a side consequence on the fading.1.1.4 Techniques used in Other InstitutionsGaudenzi et al [ 21 ] applied place and speed feedback to a collocated PZT sensor/actuator on a clamped beam. Control additions are calculated in order to give specified muffling values in each instance, the frequence displacements are besides calculated but non clearly specified. Song et Al [ 22 ] compared Strain Rate Feedback ( SRF ) and Positive Position Feedback ( PPF ) for quiver decrease of a beam, utilizing a collocated PZT detector and actuator. They determined SRF damped quivers in about half clip of PPF, but the accountant bandwidth was much smaller. Vasques and Rodrigues [ 23 ] presented a numerical survey which compares Changeless Amplitude Velocity Feedback ( CAVF ) , Changeless Gain Velocity Feedback ( CGVF ) , Linear Quadratic Regulator ( LQR ) and Linear Quadratic Gausssian ( LQG ) control on a beam with a piezoelectric actuator/sensor collocated brace. The usage of Kalman-Bucy filter and its part to the possibility of spillover were demonstrated. CAVF and CGVF require distinction of the end product signals, which compromise stableness badly. The greatest fading was given by LQG control schemes with the lowest actuator force. Kolvalovs et al [ 24 ] model the effects of MFC actuators as a thermic burden in Finite Element ( thermic enlargement coefficient I ± = piezoelectric changeless vitamin D / electrode spacing I?es ) , which was compared favorably with trial on a clamped aluminum beam. There was a study of big fading but it was non the control method. PZT detectors and four PZT actuators were used by Kwak and Heo [ 25 ] on the legs of an ‘A ‘ frame to cut down quiver with Multiple-In-Multiple-Out PPF control. Block opposite technique was used by them to stifle more braces of pole than actuators, and to increase stableness. A decrease in natural frequences was predicted and observed, but are non explicitly specified in the control. Qiu et al [ 26 ] used non-collocated PZTs to command the first and the first two flexing manner of a beam. Lowpass filter and stage displacements were used to greatly lower the possibility of spillover. Their Variable Structure Control ( VSC ) uses the built-in of signal measured. Pole arrangement in procedure technology seems to be prevailing and reasonably implemented in a broad mode, for case Michiels et al [ 27 ] used the province feedback and the consequence of the clip hold was included. However, the chief aim in these systems is stability non the fading.1.1.5 Application of Pole PlacementAn interesting facet in pole arrangement is the work done by Mahmoodi et al [ 17 ] , where the accountant with regard to the natural frequences of the system determined from the extremums of a FFT in dSPACE. A technique which is the same could let the control of time-varying mass, the FFT must be buffered must be buffered, hence the adaptative control is comparatively slow. There may be demand of existent clip robust curve adjustment. In published work of Kwak and Heo [ 25 ] , it is shown that in an effort to delegate more poles than actuators with a PPF accountant, finding control additions utilizing the pseudo opposite may non be desiable. This cogency of this may besides be applicable for the receptance method. A figure of surveies have shown that the addition in truth of MFCs as detectors when compared to other strain gages and accelerometers could better the anticipations of the control addition. The simplest accountants, like displacement feedback were non every bit effectual as more complex accountants, but the optimum control strategy is non clear. It was shown that highpass filters and turning away of taking derived functions of measured signal are necessary. In some conditions of PZT actuators, lowpass filters were required because they can readily excite manners of high frequence and give rise to spillover.1.2 Theoretical SurveiesSome few documents were selected so that the consecutive development of the subject can be presented without adverting all the research works conducted by the research workers. Before the theoretical reappraisal it is imperative to present some mathematical theory of quiver suppression for the intent of familiarization with the active quiver control. In general the rule of active quiver control by method of receptance modelled by Mottershead and Ram [ 28 ] is as follows: See the three systems M, C, and K with province feedback ; Where, M is the mass system â€Å" C is the damping system â€Å" K is jumping system ( stiffness ) Ma ( T ) + Ca?†¹ ( T ) + Kx ( T ) = degree Fahrenheit ( T ) ( clip sphere ) ( 1 ) Ma ( T ) + Ca?†¹ ( T ) + Kx ( T ) = bu ( T ) + P ( T ) ( 2 ) B is a vector while u ( T ) is a scalar. U ( T ) = – ( gTx + fTa?†¹ ) U ( T ) = -gTx – fTa?†¹ Then equation ( 2 ) becomes Ma ( T ) + Ca?†¹ ( T ) + Kx ( T ) = B ( -gTx – fTa?†¹ ) + P ( T ) ( 3 ) Ma ( T ) + Ca?†¹ ( T ) + Kx ( T ) = – bgTx – bfTa?†¹ + P ( T ) ( 4 ) Under a existent status, each non nothing footings in B means the usage of an actuator while in g or degree Fahrenheit means the usage of detector. In frequence sphere, the consequence in equation ( 4 ) gives: [ Ms2 + Cs + K +b ( gT + foot ) ] x ( s ) =p ( s ) It is obvious that the close-loop dynamic stiffness is changed by the rank-1 alteration B ( gT+ foot ) due to the province feedback when one input is used. The opposite of a matrix with a rank-1 alteration in footings of the opposite of the original matrix is given by The Sherman-Morrison expression [ 29 ] .Hence, the close-loop receptance matrix is: A ¤ ( s ) = H ( s ) – H ( s ) B ( gT + foot ) H ( s ) 1+ ( gT + foot ) H ( s ) B H ( s ) is equal to the opposite of [ Ms + Cs + K ] . It may be determined practically from the matrix of receptances H ( tungsten ) measured at the sensor/actuator coordinates.1.2.1 Receptance Modelling TechniquesMottershead and Ram [ 28 ] concluded that the system matrices M, C and K are non required to be evaluated in delegating poles and nothings in active quiver control when utilizing receptance method. Duncan [ 30 ] and Sofrin [ 31 ] were the first set of people to compose paper which addressed the job of uniting two or more dynamical systems in 1941 and 1945 severally. The job considered by them was based on finding the dynamic behavior of a compound system which was formed as a consequence of uniting two or more subsystems with known receptances and known belongingss which are interconnected. The technique creates the footing for the job of direct structural alteration by receptance modeling, which the elaborate account has been given by Bishop and Johnson [ 32 ] . Ewins [ 33 ] gave a general expression for finding the receptances of a compound system utilizing measured receptances from another constituent. In this, the matrix of connection-point receptances need to be inverted, this is known to be an improperly posed job. Berman [ 33, 34 ] has explained the job in flexibleness matrix inversion to obtain stiffness and frailty versa. Weissenburger [ 35 ] presented the first paper to speak about reverse structural alteration job. In this job, the aim is to find the necessary alteration to put natural frequences and antiresonances ( assignment of characteristic root of a square matrix ) . The receptance in the receptance patterning method proposed by Weissenburger got decomposed into abbreviated set of spectra and manners. Weissenburger ‘s work was extended by Pomazal autonomic nervous systems Synder [ 36 ] to muffle system and see the best pick of alteration co-ordinates. Dowell [ 36 ] used an attack called quotient attack considered the general form of puting natural frequences after adding mass and spring to modify. The straightforward procedure applied in simple unit-rank alterations by add-on of a mass, is the assignment of individual natural frequence. It merely requires the measuring of the point receptance at the co-ordinate of alteration at the frequence to be assigned for the value of the mass added to be determined for the intent of delegating a individual natural frequence. In pattern, the add-on of a grounded spring is more hard than an added mass. Receptance modeling for the assignment of antiresonances was foremost applied in UK chopper industry in 1972. It was discovered by Vincent [ 37 ] that when a construction is excited at a point Q with fixed frequence is modified by adding a spring between two co-ordinates r and s, so the response at another point P will follow out a circle when it is plotted in the complex plane when the stiffness of the spring is being varied from subtraction to plus eternity. Hence there is a decrease in job of quiver suppression to happening point on the circle nearest to the complex response beginning. Thorough description of this method was given by Done and Hughes [ 38 ] and was further analysed by Nagy [ 39 ] to include Vincent circle analysis of a spring-mass absorber. The job of delegating antiresonance was discovered once more after a long period of no activities by Li et al [ 40 ] , but at that place was a restriction in their analysis by the necessity to find the manners of the ‘grounded ‘ system that have characteristic root of a square matrixs matching to the antiresonances. The manner was determined numerically from the mass and stiffness matrices already reduced in size by the eliminating row and column. The sensitivenesss of the system antiresonances were considered by Mottershead [ 41 ] . Vibration node was created by Mottershead and Lallement [ 42 ] by call offing pole with a nothing utilizing a receptance patterning method. Force restraint to measured point and cross-receptances was applied by Mottershead [ 43 ] in order to find characteristic root of a square matrixs ( pole ) , eigenvector and receptances of the forced systems. Then, add-on of multitudes to a beam leads to the accomplishment of delegating antiresonances in a physical experiment for the first clip.1.2.2 Active Control TechniquesMottershead and Ram [ 28 ] , concluded that active quiver control offers much greater flexibleness in delegating coveted dynamic behavior ( like poles ) than the inactive alteration because all poles can be assigned to order arbitrary location if the system is governable while in inactive alteration there is a restriction of symmetric alteration. In the theory of automatic control, a cardinal consequence provinces that the moral force of a system a can be regulated by delegating the characteristic root of a square matrixs, or poles, of the system utilizing a individual input force, provided that the system is governable [ 44 ] . Another option to modulate the moral force of a system is to utilize multiple control forces [ 45 ] . The usage of multiple control forces lead to accomplishment of redundancy which has been used by Kautsky et al [ 3 ] to do certain that there is hardiness of the control system in the sense that the pole assigned are non sensitive to disturbances in the parametric quantities of the system. For stableness to be achieved, all the system ‘s pole must lie on the left-hand side of the complex plane. In every bit much as natural quivers are described normally by finite component theoretical account which are of big dimensions, it is non normally easy to cognize whether all the characteristic root of a square matrixs possess negative existent parts, particularly when a large-space structural control system is being designed [ 46,47 ] . While some characteristic root of a square matrixs associated with big oscillation are being relocated, other characteristic root of a square matrix of which there was no purpose of altering them, shifted towards the righ hand-side of the complex plane and this may take to instability of the system. Such a procedure is called the spillover of poles. Saad [ 48 ] developed an algorithm for the selective changing of the spectrum of the dynamic system consists of a set of first-order differential equation. For the partial pole assignment job associated with systems undergoing quiver, a closed-form solution was derived in [ 49 ] , where there was resettlement of some coveted characteristic root of a square matrixs to order places, while all other characteristic root of a square matrixs remain unchanged. The usage of a certain perpendicularity relation m ade this accomplishable which applies to a general viscously-damped system. Generalisation has been made refering this method to include multi-input control forces. In this, little control attempt was control by redundancy in the control forces.1.2.3 Continuous System TechniqueThe job of direct characteristic root of a square matrix of a system which is additive and uninterrupted and in combination with another system is good understood. Danek [ 50 ] used Green ‘s maps in obtaining the characteristic equation and natural frequences of two beams which are connected at distinct points. Classical method of dividing variables was used by Nicholson and Bergman [ 51 ] in order to analyze free quiver of two types of combined additive undamped dynamical systems. Both systems need the add-on of oscillator to beams. Bergman and Nicholson [ 52 ] besides showed that for a additive combined system dwelling of a viscously damped simple beam and a figure of viscously damped oscillators, the response could be solved in closed signifier. Conditionss were given for the being of classical normal manners in a combined viscously damped additive system and the precise solution for the response to an arbitrary excitement when this status is satisfied. In uninterrupted systems, nodal points can be specified by utilizing inactive or active control. The control force in footings of an infinite merchandise of characteristic root of a square matrixs was expressed by Ram [ 53 ] . The consequence is based on certain relation that connects the eigenfunctions to a merchandise of characteristic root of a square matrixs [ 54 ] .It was shown by Singh and Ram [ 55 ] that anodal point in a vibrating beam may be assigned bythe usage of manner form informations associated with auxiliary set of partial differential equations. In decision,